q440 NOT_EQUAL

The question

Which foreign language used by "A Pedra Fellwar"?

the hint the set supplies: "A Pedra Fellwar" refers to name = 'A Pedra Fellwar'

NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.

The statements

gold

SELECT DISTINCT language FROM foreign_data WHERE name = 'A Pedra Fellwar'

this statement states no ordering of its own

sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca

second

SELECT language 
FROM foreign_data 
WHERE name = 'A Pedra Fellwar';

this statement states no ordering of its own

sha256:8372ff671f7eb868037a8372f7811a420d59383b19396beb6fb8e2c3b91223b4

The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side	languageTEXT
no rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 5 rows

from counterexample.json, 5 rows, up to 25 shown per side, 1 on this page

side	times	languageTEXT
second	5	Portuguese (Brazil)

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), REAL cells as Python float as sqlite3 returns them, so Python equality holds 1 == 1.0 == True as the benchmark's own scorer does

https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py

gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 6
gold_distinct_rows: 1
second_distinct_rows: 1

the test-suite check: 0

result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are SQLite's as sqlite3 returns them

ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py

order_matters: false
gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 6
gold_columns: 1
second_columns: 1

the class: multiplicity

The class states what makes these two results unequal under this rule, read off the two results and nothing else. It does not state which of the two statements is wrong.

The gold returned 1 rows and the prediction 6. 1 rows occur in both results at least once.

gold_types: ["TEXT"]
second_types: ["TEXT"]
multiset_equal: false
set_equal: true
order_equal: false
shorter_result_is_a_prefix: true

The results

gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

languageTEXT
Portuguese (Brazil)

second, 6 rows

from counterexample.json, 6 rows

languageTEXT
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

the statement states no top level ORDER BY

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "the statement states no top level ORDER BY"
}

arbitrary-cut not applicable

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

the statement states no LIMIT

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "the statement states no LIMIT"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data quiet

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-SET",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "language",
        "declared_type": "TEXT"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "Portuguese (Brazil)"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {},
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "foreign_data"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "legalities": 427907
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "equal",
    "differs": false,
    "result_hash": "sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "language",
          "declared_type": "TEXT"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "str",
            "value": "Portuguese (Brazil)"
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT DISTINCT language FROM foreign_data WHERE name = 'A Pedra Fellwar'

statement read from: data/questions/mini_dev_sqlite.json
digest: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
origin: https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_sqlite.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:65ae88e2c50c13efc350eeb142b8f41e285c74a4e217a4ad445abf23e32ba0ca recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:4a7a202e3eee280fb2cbe465c9f7d5022e79ac5b63aa1438e3716ed82ddb7e13 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

languageTEXT
Portuguese (Brazil)

what ran, and where

run: audit-81ba61cb-98ab-453b-91d2-dcdb8427ebe3
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:25:01.971114+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:24:45.530197+00:00
backend at checkout: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416
backend that answered: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416
database role: file
replay rule: R-SET
question set version: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
validator: audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 30000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: sqlite
time_zone: not stated by this engine
date_style: not stated by this engine
interval_style: not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits: not stated by this engine
database_collation: not stated by this engine
work_mem: not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier: not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version: 3.53.4
encoding: UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects: 0
query_only: 1
journal_mode: wal
data_version: 3
compile_options: ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list: RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like: 0

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:b5fc30ab8e0e66d32c68bf7e9ed708f309088f10e086cdea5ec999255c764791
source file sha256: sha256:c98bdb57fe7474da798b407785544b9af0daaad5d61fd21e2a73309493bc1227
rows in main.foreign_data: 229186

second: evidence-second.json

SELECT language 
FROM foreign_data 
WHERE name = 'A Pedra Fellwar';

statement read from: data/preds-sqlite/predict_mini_dev_meta-llama-3-70b-instruct-2_sqlite.json
digest: sha256:d4e0efbafaa26435c2110559b7a24c91efa272ce82b6ec6d2a7176019582e1ae
origin: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/b3d4bcbbae9a96934ad812551eb400c7a3b23c12/llm/exp_result/sql_output_kg/predict_mini_dev_meta-llama-3-70b-instruct-2_sqlite.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:8372ff671f7eb868037a8372f7811a420d59383b19396beb6fb8e2c3b91223b4 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:8996537045e5a702a7e163f9b70345dfaa77fcd07006e81b1cee8e18329ddee1 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 6 rows

from evidence-second.json, 6 rows

languageTEXT
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)
Portuguese (Brazil)

what ran, and where

run: audit-81ba61cb-98ab-453b-91d2-dcdb8427ebe3
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:25:01.994431+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:24:45.530197+00:00
backend at checkout: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416
backend that answered: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416
database role: file
replay rule: R-SET
question set version: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
validator: audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 30000 ms
rows: 6 rows

the session it ran under

engine: sqlite
time_zone: not stated by this engine
date_style: not stated by this engine
interval_style: not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits: not stated by this engine
database_collation: not stated by this engine
work_mem: not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier: not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version: 3.53.4
encoding: UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects: 0
query_only: 1
journal_mode: wal
data_version: 3
compile_options: ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list: RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like: 0

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:b5fc30ab8e0e66d32c68bf7e9ed708f309088f10e086cdea5ec999255c764791
source file sha256: sha256:c98bdb57fe7474da798b407785544b9af0daaad5d61fd21e2a73309493bc1227
rows in main.foreign_data: 229186

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416 under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-SET

second

This question's run

run: audit-81ba61cb-98ab-453b-91d2-dcdb8427ebe3
server: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/card_games/card_games.sqlite | size=261820416
question set: mini_dev_sqlite from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_sqlite.json
replay rule: R-SET

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from

counterexample.json attestql/audit/counterexample/2
evidence-gold.json the gold's evidence record
evidence-second.json the prediction's evidence record
smells.json attestql/audit/smells/2

The question

The statements

◀ gold

▶ second

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 5 rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

the test-suite check: 0

the class: multiplicity

The results

The probes

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

arbitrary-cut not applicable

not-a-function-of-the-data quiet

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

recorded beside them

second: evidence-second.json

recorded beside them

Running these again

gold

second

This question's run

The JSON this page was rendered from

gold

second