q82 EQUAL

The question

What is the grade span offered in the school with the highest longitude?

the hint the set supplies: the highest longitude refers to the school with the maximum absolute longitude value.

NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.

The statements

gold

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC LIMIT 1

ABS(longitude): descending, nulls last

sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b

second

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(Longitude) DESC LIMIT 1

ABS(Longitude): descending, nulls last

sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b

The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side	GSofferedTEXT
no rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side	GSofferedTEXT
no rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), REAL cells as Python float as sqlite3 returns them, so Python equality holds 1 == 1.0 == True as the benchmark's own scorer does

https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py

gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 1
gold_distinct_rows: 1
second_distinct_rows: 1

the test-suite check: 1

result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are SQLite's as sqlite3 returns them

ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py

order_matters: true
gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 1
gold_columns: 1
second_columns: 1

The results

gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

GSofferedTEXT
K-8

second, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

GSofferedTEXT
K-8

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "ABS(longitude)",
      "not_applicable": "the key is an expression and not a column"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 2 rows

K-8 str	124.28481
NULL null	124.28481

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT GSoffered, ABS(longitude) AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC",
  "unbounded_rows": 17686,
  "projected_columns": [
    "GSoffered"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "ABS(longitude)",
      "direction": "desc",
      "nulls": "last",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1
    ],
    "tied_rows": 2,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 2,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "null",
          "value": null
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

from smells.json, 1 row

NULL

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "GSoffered",
        "declared_type": "TEXT"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "str",
          "value": "K-8"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {},
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "schools"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {},
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:1da9a85996836dc37e231bebba2012117dd11abab633cbe458234b50fa735dab",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "GSoffered",
          "declared_type": "NULL"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "null",
            "value": null
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:1da9a85996836dc37e231bebba2012117dd11abab633cbe458234b50fa735dab"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(longitude) DESC LIMIT 1

statement read from: data/questions/mini_dev_sqlite.json
digest: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
origin: https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_sqlite.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:dc04d13b8d22079e5103093de1143e7c1bad75a06d69b6256fdbd5e28e806e44 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

GSofferedTEXT
K-8

what ran, and where

run: audit-d92b0844-d4d3-4a1e-9f3a-0ab9296f53fe
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:01:20.132004+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:01:18.658638+00:00
backend at checkout: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544
backend that answered: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544
database role: file
replay rule: R-ORD
question set version: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
validator: audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 30000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: sqlite
time_zone: not stated by this engine
date_style: not stated by this engine
interval_style: not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits: not stated by this engine
database_collation: not stated by this engine
work_mem: not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier: not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version: 3.53.4
encoding: UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects: 0
query_only: 1
journal_mode: delete
data_version: 1
compile_options: ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list: RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like: 0

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:dee769f19d661ef4335b79c69926728339dc5406b5b1e6a69ef1c24d9a5b8770
source file sha256: sha256:c0903eec662e63068fd1d14403d3d6c1d473287fc10c4356333ea58f878db983
rows in main.schools: 17686

second: evidence-second.json

SELECT GSoffered FROM schools ORDER BY ABS(Longitude) DESC LIMIT 1

statement read from: data/preds-sqlite/predict_mini_dev_gpt-4-32k_sqlite.json
digest: sha256:7ee53fcc67b9eaca363efb53ddb94dabd61526dafc09d835d832989e4911a1ca
origin: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/b3d4bcbbae9a96934ad812551eb400c7a3b23c12/llm/exp_result/sql_output_kg/predict_mini_dev_gpt-4-32k_sqlite.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:ed45314af3779019f211bebac045dc1f0dc8a3206b4e385e30ac7ffeb798e29b recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:8c95978bf90d98c923d4e56f12b01e289fcc62b7039ca4207da0c402984e6883 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-second.json, 1 row

GSofferedTEXT
K-8

what ran, and where

run: audit-d92b0844-d4d3-4a1e-9f3a-0ab9296f53fe
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:01:20.135471+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:01:18.658638+00:00
backend at checkout: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544
backend that answered: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544
database role: file
replay rule: R-ORD
question set version: sha256:4ba5fa8de55856222f484d380d2ba872b380bf79d825de70478e2120cb0fc43b
validator: audit:sqlglot-sqlite-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 30000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: sqlite
time_zone: not stated by this engine
date_style: not stated by this engine
interval_style: not stated by this engine
extra_float_digits: not stated by this engine
database_collation: not stated by this engine
work_mem: not stated by this engine
hash_mem_multiplier: not stated by this engine

recorded beside them

sqlite_version: 3.53.4
encoding: UTF-8
reverse_unordered_selects: 0
query_only: 1
journal_mode: delete
data_version: 1
compile_options: ATOMIC_INTRINSICS=1,COMPILER=clang-21.0.0,DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM,DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=-2000,DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=4,DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=-1,DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=0,DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=20,DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS,DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=4096,DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=1000,DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=2,DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=0,DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ,ENABLE_API_ARMOR,ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA,ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB,ENABLE_FTS3,ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS,ENABLE_FTS5,ENABLE_GEOPOLY,ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS,ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT,ENABLE_PERCENTILE,ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK,ENABLE_RTREE,ENABLE_SESSION,ENABLE_STAT4,ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY,MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=1024,MAX_ATTACHED=10,MAX_COLUMN=2000,MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=500,MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=8192,MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=1000,MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=1000,MAX_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=50000,MAX_MMAP_SIZE=0x7fff0000,MAX_PAGE_COUNT=0xfffffffe,MAX_PAGE_SIZE=65536,MAX_SQL_LENGTH=1000000000,MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=1000,MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=250000,MAX_VDBE_OP=250000000,MAX_WORKER_THREADS=8,MUTEX_PTHREADS,SYSTEM_MALLOC,TEMP_STORE=1,THREADSAFE=1,USE_URI
collation_list: RTRIM,NOCASE,BINARY
case_sensitive_like: 0

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:dee769f19d661ef4335b79c69926728339dc5406b5b1e6a69ef1c24d9a5b8770
source file sha256: sha256:c0903eec662e63068fd1d14403d3d6c1d473287fc10c4356333ea58f878db983
rows in main.schools: 17686

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544 under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

second

This question's run

run: audit-d92b0844-d4d3-4a1e-9f3a-0ab9296f53fe
server: SQLite 3.53.4 | file=/private/tmp/attestql-runs/data/minidev/dev_databases/california_schools/california_schools.sqlite | size=11116544
question set: mini_dev_sqlite from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_sqlite.json
replay rule: R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from

counterexample.json attestql/audit/counterexample/2
evidence-gold.json the gold's evidence record
evidence-second.json the prediction's evidence record
smells.json attestql/audit/smells/2

The question

The statements

◀ gold

▶ second

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 0 rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

the test-suite check: 1

The results

The probes

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

arbitrary-cut fired

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

recorded beside them

second: evidence-second.json

recorded beside them

Running these again

gold

second

This question's run

The JSON this page was rendered from

gold

second