q1361 EQUAL

The question

What is the total cost of the pizzas for all the events?

the hint the set supplies: total cost of the pizzas refers to SUM(cost) where expense_description = 'Pizza'

NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.

The two statements name their result columns differently. A projection is compared by position and declared type, so these names did not decide the verdict. They are part of the canonical rendering each result is hashed under, so the two result hashes differ with them.

gold: sum
prediction: total_cost_of_pizzas

The statements

gold

SELECT SUM(cost) FROM expense WHERE expense_description = 'Pizza'

this statement states no ordering of its own

sha256:0755eee7cb5f3b509bba8df2e532e80cca0094942fe7905c819842bbede6fd84

second

SELECT SUM(cost) AS total_cost_of_pizzas
FROM expense
WHERE expense_description = 'Pizza'

this statement states no ordering of its own

sha256:cff0205b97c2b6064936e6beb2b3703d8d0cad5d8d47ae3d975efaa4c7d13ee1

The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side	sumfloat4
no rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 0 rows

from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side

side	total_cost_of_pizzasfloat4
no rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), float4/float8 cells as Python float as psycopg2 returns them, numeric as Decimal

https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py

gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 1
gold_distinct_rows: 1
second_distinct_rows: 1

the test-suite check: 1

result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are PostgreSQL's as psycopg2 returns them

ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py

order_matters: false
gold_rows: 1
second_rows: 1
gold_columns: 1
second_columns: 1

The results

gold, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

sumfloat4
600.11

second, 1 row

from counterexample.json, 1 row

total_cost_of_pizzasfloat4
600.11

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

the statement states no top level ORDER BY

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "the statement states no top level ORDER BY"
}

arbitrary-cut not applicable

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

the statement states no LIMIT

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "the statement states no LIMIT"
}

float-aggregate-order fired

this statement aggregates floating point numbers, so its last digits depend on the order the rows were summed in; the values agree to six significant digits

from smells.json, 1 row

600.11005

what it measured

{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-SET",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:0755eee7cb5f3b509bba8df2e532e80cca0094942fe7905c819842bbede6fd84",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "sum",
        "declared_type": "float4"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "dec",
          "value": "600.11"
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:0755eee7cb5f3b509bba8df2e532e80cca0094942fe7905c819842bbede6fd84"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "expense": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": null,
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 32
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "expense"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:28a33fd0933dc8c2b7eb34dc1b147cee178aa7665999cce122d919d75a4750d2",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "sum",
          "declared_type": "float4"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "dec",
            "value": "600.11005"
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:28a33fd0933dc8c2b7eb34dc1b147cee178aa7665999cce122d919d75a4750d2"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  },
  "float_cells": [
    {
      "row": 0,
      "column": "sum",
      "declared_type": "float4",
      "baseline": "600.11",
      "rerun": "600.11005"
    }
  ],
  "significant_digits": 6
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT SUM(cost) FROM expense WHERE expense_description = 'Pizza'

statement read from: data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest: sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin: https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:0755eee7cb5f3b509bba8df2e532e80cca0094942fe7905c819842bbede6fd84 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:df85f99e029c316c5eb4e8c1042cf38e7d2225d9dfe5581370037b0d93cc9a29 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

sumfloat4
600.11

what ran, and where

run: audit-34520748-ce64-4674-9cd7-6d6fac5b9805
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:23:33.133242+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:23:23.924963+00:00
backend at checkout: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role: auditor
replay rule: R-SET
question set version: sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator: audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 120000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: postgresql
time_zone: Etc/UTC
date_style: ISO, MDY
interval_style: postgres
extra_float_digits: 1
database_collation: en_US.utf8
work_mem: 4096
hash_mem_multiplier: 2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout: 0
search_path: "$user", public
server_version: 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num: 160015
transaction_read_only: on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather: 2
server_encoding: UTF8
datlocprovider: c
daticulocale
datcollversion: 2.41

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:a5daf32762f45b84cb307cafb40f9db2c596e0692047523ae5ece90c157a02c3
source file sha256: sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.expense: 32

second: evidence-second.json

SELECT SUM(cost) AS total_cost_of_pizzas
FROM expense
WHERE expense_description = 'Pizza'

statement read from: data/preds-pg/predict_mini_dev_gpt-4_postgresql.json
digest: sha256:cd39466740516d2d4672e8421010edab4816ff9875781f44df100840b41eaa49
origin: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/b3d4bcbbae9a96934ad812551eb400c7a3b23c12/llm/exp_result/sql_output_kg/predict_mini_dev_gpt-4_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:cff0205b97c2b6064936e6beb2b3703d8d0cad5d8d47ae3d975efaa4c7d13ee1 recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:019ce443d1ec3d137039a4bcd0e2366dbd5a2d3a8dd4dbb88bdf52ebb6a4fd3e recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-second.json, 1 row

total_cost_of_pizzasfloat4
600.11

what ran, and where

run: audit-34520748-ce64-4674-9cd7-6d6fac5b9805
executed at: 2026-09-08T05:23:33.137270+00:00
data as of: 2026-09-08T05:23:23.924963+00:00
backend at checkout: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role: auditor
replay rule: R-SET
question set version: sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator: audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run: parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout: 120000 ms
rows: 1 row

the session it ran under

engine: postgresql
time_zone: Etc/UTC
date_style: ISO, MDY
interval_style: postgres
extra_float_digits: 1
database_collation: en_US.utf8
work_mem: 4096
hash_mem_multiplier: 2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout: 0
search_path: "$user", public
server_version: 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num: 160015
transaction_read_only: on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather: 2
server_encoding: UTF8
datlocprovider: c
daticulocale
datcollversion: 2.41

the rendering and the data

version: attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale: 6
timestamp_format: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone: UTC
null_rendering: NULL
encoding: utf-8
schema digest: sha256:a5daf32762f45b84cb307cafb40f9db2c596e0692047523ae5ece90c157a02c3
source file sha256: sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.expense: 32

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-SET

second

This question's run

run: audit-34520748-ce64-4674-9cd7-6d6fac5b9805
server: PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set: mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule: R-SET

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from

counterexample.json attestql/audit/counterexample/2
evidence-gold.json the gold's evidence record
evidence-second.json the prediction's evidence record
smells.json attestql/audit/smells/2

The question

The statements

◀ gold

▶ second

The rows they differ in

in gold, not in the prediction, 0 rows

in the prediction, not in gold, 0 rows

What the benchmark would have said

BIRD's own check: 1

the test-suite check: 1

The results

The probes

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

arbitrary-cut not applicable

float-aggregate-order fired

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

recorded beside them

second: evidence-second.json

recorded beside them

Running these again

gold

second

This question's run

The JSON this page was rendered from

gold

second