R-SET NOT_EQUAL
formula_1 · mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
What is the average of fastest lap speed in the 2009 Spanish Grand Prix race?
the hint the set supplies: Spanish Grand Prix is the name of race refers to name = 'Spanish Grand Prix'; average fastest lap speed refers to avg(fastestLapSpeed);
NOT_EQUAL states that these two statements disagree on this data under this rule. It does not state which of them is wrong.
read by hand, 2026-09-04: C the tool's rule, not the question's: the same number as int8 against numeric or float8 against numeric
numeric against float8, one row, same value
a maintainer's reading of this question, out of classification.json, copied from plans/reports/prediction-mode-260904-real-predictions/classification.json. It is not a verdict and nothing above it was computed from it.
SELECT AVG(CAST(T1.fastestLapSpeed AS NUMERIC)) FROM results AS T1 INNER JOIN races AS T2 ON T1.raceId = T2.raceId WHERE T2.year = 2009 AND T2.name = 'Spanish Grand Prix'this statement states no ordering of its own
sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e
SELECT AVG(CAST(fastestlapspeed AS FLOAT))
FROM results
JOIN races ON results.raceid = races.raceid
WHERE races.name = 'Spanish Grand Prix' AND races.year = 2009this statement states no ordering of its own
sha256:6a804dcdec711cf4fdb3d709e7801f7f466ee46302f95598c8c4e43fe58b0843
The marked tokens are where the two texts differ. Two statements that differ everywhere can return the same rows, and two that differ in one token can return other rows; the verdict above is read off the results.
from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side
| side | avgnumeric |
|---|---|
| no rows |
from counterexample.json, 0 rows, up to 25 shown per side
| side | avgfloat8 |
|---|---|
| no rows |
set(second_rows) == set(gold_rows), float4/float8 cells as Python float as psycopg2 returns them, numeric as Decimal
https://github.com/bird-bench/mini_dev/blob/main/evaluation/evaluation_ex.py
result_eq: equal row counts and equal column counts, each row unordered as a quick rejection, then the two equal as a list when the gold text holds ORDER BY and as a multiset otherwise, under some permutation of the columns; DISTINCT is not stripped and re-executed, and the cells are PostgreSQL's as psycopg2 returns them
ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval, exec_eval.py, result_eq, at commit 48cb78ec: https://github.com/ruiqi-zhong/test-suite-sql-eval/blob/48cb78ecf7f610620206283846c76751b18a1326/exec_eval.py
The class states what makes these two results unequal under this rule, read off the two results and nothing else. It does not state which of the two statements is wrong.
from counterexample.json, 1 row
| avgnumeric |
|---|
| 199.6415625000000000 |
from counterexample.json, 1 row
| avgfloat8 |
|---|
| 199.6415625 |
A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.
this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10
the statement states no top level ORDER BY
{
"heuristic": true,
"reason": "the statement states no top level ORDER BY"
}this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero
the statement states no LIMIT
{
"heuristic": true,
"reason": "the statement states no LIMIT"
}rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data
{
"heuristic": true,
"rule": "R-SET",
"baseline_result_hash": "sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e",
"baseline_result": {
"columns": [
{
"name": "avg",
"declared_type": "numeric"
}
],
"row_count": 1,
"truncated": false,
"rows_shown": 1,
"rows": [
[
{
"type": "dec",
"value": "199.6415625000000000"
}
]
],
"result_hash": "sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e"
},
"planner_statistics": {
"results": {
"last_analyze": null,
"last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:42.521079+00",
"n_mod_since_analyze": 0
},
"races": {
"last_analyze": null,
"last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:43.698656+00",
"n_mod_since_analyze": 0
}
},
"shuffle": {
"seed": "1",
"row_limit": 300000,
"tables": [
"results",
"races"
],
"tables_not_shuffled": [],
"tables_skipped_for_size": {
"laptimes": 400524,
"legalities": 427907,
"posthistory": 303155,
"trans": 1056320,
"yearmonth": 383282
},
"tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
},
"shuffled_copies": {
"run": true,
"verdict": "equal",
"differs": false,
"result_hash": "sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e",
"result": {
"columns": [
{
"name": "avg",
"declared_type": "numeric"
}
],
"row_count": 1,
"truncated": false,
"rows_shown": 1,
"rows": [
[
{
"type": "dec",
"value": "199.6415625000000000"
}
]
],
"result_hash": "sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e"
}
},
"plan_variant": {
"run": false,
"reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
}
}SELECT AVG(CAST(T1.fastestLapSpeed AS NUMERIC)) FROM results AS T1 INNER JOIN races AS T2 ON T1.raceId = T2.raceId WHERE T2.year = 2009 AND T2.name = 'Spanish Grand Prix'result_hash sha256:c6dc47c265f3d9b6c1fccadb381547385ddecd2445b88c33150e3fc7c996d84e recomputed from this JSON: match
record_hash sha256:ebcedb9ffa50af39271dec5a7b57add0aa8d290f0beff55b882f73841bd19352 recomputed from this JSON: match
from evidence-gold.json, 1 row
| avgnumeric |
|---|
| 199.6415625000000000 |
SELECT AVG(CAST(fastestlapspeed AS FLOAT))
FROM results
JOIN races ON results.raceid = races.raceid
WHERE races.name = 'Spanish Grand Prix' AND races.year = 2009result_hash sha256:6a804dcdec711cf4fdb3d709e7801f7f466ee46302f95598c8c4e43fe58b0843 recomputed from this JSON: match
record_hash sha256:0ac35a215fd51978f002ea4d071ecd445a3ffa048757b7c3601557505c72a663 recomputed from this JSON: match
from evidence-second.json, 1 row
| avgfloat8 |
|---|
| 199.6415625 |
re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-SET
re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-SET