q94

R-ORD GOLD-ONLY arbitrary-cut not-a-function-of-the-data

financial · mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json

The question

List out the account numbers of female clients who are oldest and has lowest average salary, calculate the gap between this lowest average salary with the highest average salary?

the hint the set supplies: Female means gender = 'F'; A11 refers to average salary; Gap = highest average salary - lowest average salary; If the person A's birthdate > B's birthdate, it means that person B is order than person A.

This question was audited without a prediction beside it, so there is nothing to compare the gold with. The probes below read the gold alone.

The statements

gold

SELECT T1.account_id, (SELECT MAX(A11) - MIN(A11) FROM district) FROM account AS T1 INNER JOIN district AS T2 ON T1.district_id = T2.district_id INNER JOIN disp AS T3 ON T1.account_id = T3.account_id INNER JOIN client AS T4 ON T3.client_id = T4.client_id WHERE T2.district_id = (SELECT district_id FROM client WHERE gender = 'F' ORDER BY birth_date ASC NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1) ORDER BY T2.A11 DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
t2.a11
descending

sha256:b3c895538cef01fc149e8542efe6fa9f0bdcf3c1c697e67c83b9e9578d8761ea

The results

gold, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

account_idint8 ?column?int8
6 4431

The probes

A smell is a mechanical reason to read this gold statement again. It is a heuristic: it does not state that the statement is wrong, and a maintainer decides.

ordering-over-numeric-text not applicable

this statement orders by a text column holding only numbers, and ordering it as a number gives a different answer, so the gold may be sorting 9.5 above 10

no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column

what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "reason": "no ORDER BY key resolves to a text column",
  "keys": [
    {
      "key": "t2.a11",
      "column": "district.a11",
      "declared_type": "bigint",
      "not_applicable": "the column is not declared as text"
    }
  ]
}

arbitrary-cut fired

this statement cuts its result at a LIMIT that does not decide which rows come back, so a different but equally correct statement can return other rows and score zero

from smells.json, 10 rows

6 4431 8541
142 4431 8541
142 4431 8541
361 4431 8541
463 4431 8541
646 4431 8541
758 4431 8541
1353 4431 8541
1506 4431 8541
1509 4431 8541
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "cut": 1,
  "offset": 0,
  "distinct_kept": false,
  "unbounded_sql": "SELECT t1.account_id, (SELECT max(a11) - min(a11) FROM district), t2.a11 AS attestql_ordering_key_0 FROM account t1 JOIN district t2 ON t1.district_id = t2.district_id JOIN disp t3 ON t1.account_id = t3.account_id JOIN client t4 ON t3.client_id = t4.client_id WHERE t2.district_id = (SELECT district_id FROM client WHERE gender = 'F' ORDER BY birth_date ASC NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1) ORDER BY t2.a11 DESC NULLS LAST",
  "unbounded_rows": 55,
  "projected_columns": [
    "account_id",
    "?column?"
  ],
  "ordering_key_columns": [
    "attestql_ordering_key_0"
  ],
  "ordering_keys": [
    {
      "key": "t2.a11",
      "direction": "desc",
      "nulls": "last",
      "nulls_first_in_effect": false,
      "returned_rows_null_in_this_key": 0,
      "fires": false
    }
  ],
  "tied_at_the_cut": {
    "positions": [
      0,
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      7,
      8,
      9
    ],
    "tied_rows": 55,
    "distinct_projected_answers": 49,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 6
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 142
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 142
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 361
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 463
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 646
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 758
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 1353
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 1506
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ],
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 1509
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ]
    ]
  },
  "case": "tie-at-the-cut"
}

not-a-function-of-the-data fired

rerun over the same rows in another physical order this statement gives another answer, so its result depends on how the rows are stored and not only on the data

from smells.json, 1 row

3491 4431
what it measured 
{
  "heuristic": true,
  "rule": "R-ORD",
  "baseline_result_hash": "sha256:b3c895538cef01fc149e8542efe6fa9f0bdcf3c1c697e67c83b9e9578d8761ea",
  "baseline_result": {
    "columns": [
      {
        "name": "account_id",
        "declared_type": "int8"
      },
      {
        "name": "?column?",
        "declared_type": "int8"
      }
    ],
    "row_count": 1,
    "truncated": false,
    "rows_shown": 1,
    "rows": [
      [
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 6
        },
        {
          "type": "int",
          "value": 4431
        }
      ]
    ],
    "result_hash": "sha256:b3c895538cef01fc149e8542efe6fa9f0bdcf3c1c697e67c83b9e9578d8761ea"
  },
  "planner_statistics": {
    "client": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:12.822716+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    },
    "disp": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:17.037279+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    },
    "district": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:24.361355+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    },
    "account": {
      "last_analyze": null,
      "last_autoanalyze": "2026-09-08 05:19:16.907324+00",
      "n_mod_since_analyze": 0
    }
  },
  "shuffle": {
    "seed": "1",
    "row_limit": 300000,
    "tables": [
      "client",
      "disp",
      "district",
      "account"
    ],
    "tables_not_shuffled": [],
    "tables_skipped_for_size": {
      "laptimes": 400524,
      "legalities": 427907,
      "posthistory": 303155,
      "trans": 1056320,
      "yearmonth": 383282
    },
    "tables_not_reached_by_a_copy": {}
  },
  "shuffled_copies": {
    "run": true,
    "verdict": "not_equal",
    "differs": true,
    "result_hash": "sha256:8cdedd85a14afc490dbc9ec61a088741b845ca51b224a6763fc44a7b272816b0",
    "result": {
      "columns": [
        {
          "name": "account_id",
          "declared_type": "int8"
        },
        {
          "name": "?column?",
          "declared_type": "int8"
        }
      ],
      "row_count": 1,
      "truncated": false,
      "rows_shown": 1,
      "rows": [
        [
          {
            "type": "int",
            "value": 3491
          },
          {
            "type": "int",
            "value": 4431
          }
        ]
      ],
      "result_hash": "sha256:8cdedd85a14afc490dbc9ec61a088741b845ca51b224a6763fc44a7b272816b0"
    }
  },
  "plan_variant": {
    "run": false,
    "reason": "the plan variant was not asked for"
  }
}

The evidence records

gold: evidence-gold.json

SELECT T1.account_id, (SELECT MAX(A11) - MIN(A11) FROM district) FROM account AS T1 INNER JOIN district AS T2 ON T1.district_id = T2.district_id INNER JOIN disp AS T3 ON T1.account_id = T3.account_id INNER JOIN client AS T4 ON T3.client_id = T4.client_id WHERE T2.district_id = (SELECT district_id FROM client WHERE gender = 'F' ORDER BY birth_date ASC NULLS FIRST LIMIT 1) ORDER BY T2.A11 DESC NULLS LAST LIMIT 1
statement read from
data/questions/mini_dev_postgresql.json
digest
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
origin
https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json, 2024-06-19

result_hash sha256:b3c895538cef01fc149e8542efe6fa9f0bdcf3c1c697e67c83b9e9578d8761ea recomputed from this JSON: match

record_hash sha256:05c24e5a0a5176843297c2785001c0e72c7dfbe95d92c349d91e4cf032be5544 recomputed from this JSON: match

the result this record holds, 1 row

from evidence-gold.json, 1 row

account_idint8 ?column?int8
6 4431
what ran, and where
run
audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
executed at
2026-09-08T05:20:03.786212+00:00
data as of
2026-09-08T05:18:53.188261+00:00
backend at checkout
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
backend that answered
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
database role
auditor
replay rule
R-ORD
question set version
sha256:d2731292f20b8d8569cd956dd747ffe1df13cd625076263e38ae9ebcef50b1ab
validator
audit:libpg_query-parse
checks run
parses_as_exactly_one_statement, the_one_statement_is_a_select, no_placeholder_without_a_bound_parameter
statement timeout
30000 ms
rows
1 row
the session it ran under
engine
postgresql
time_zone
Etc/UTC
date_style
ISO, MDY
interval_style
postgres
extra_float_digits
1
database_collation
en_US.utf8
work_mem
4096
hash_mem_multiplier
2

recorded beside them

statement_timeout
0
search_path
"$user", public
server_version
16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2)
server_version_num
160015
transaction_read_only
on
max_parallel_workers_per_gather
2
server_encoding
UTF8
datlocprovider
c
daticulocale
datcollversion
2.41
the rendering and the data
version
attestql/audit/2
numeric_scale
6
timestamp_format
%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ
timezone
UTC
null_rendering
NULL
encoding
utf-8
schema digest
sha256:b03e8d1984428d6a13764156e34bf2dba6cea6470110f4701c0b88873a050389
source file sha256
sha256:31b1da211849d24a57c9af7636da46a5b82fc8a3ca1542bb3ebd8775e9a31cec
rows in public.account
4500
rows in public.client
5369
rows in public.disp
5369
rows in public.district
77

Running these again

gold

re-run this statement read-only against PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird under the session settings and over the data this record's fixture digest names, and compare the two results under R-ORD

This question's run

run
audit-adbef1a5-9f41-4a8f-ac55-8c3d8df71394
server
PostgreSQL 16.15 (Debian 16.15-1.pgdg13+2) on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0, 64-bit | server=172.17.0.2/32:5432 | database=bird
question set
mini_dev_postgresql from https://bird-bench.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/minidev.zip (sha256 cc48ba16838204e4e214512030cb572eeb5f7bcdd999bae4b9b6ff12ec13b92f, downloaded 2026-09-07), member minidev/MINIDEV/mini_dev_postgresql.json
replay rule
R-ORD

the run this question belongs to

The JSON this page was rendered from